*BLOGGER’S NOTE: The National Wild Turkey Federation calls it: The Great Jake Debate. And, it has surfaced again.
It is the continual debate regarding whether or not to shoot a jake (a juvenile or nearly one-year old male wild turkey) during a spring wild turkey hunting season, if legal. In Nebraska, it is allowable to shoot jakes during the spring turkey season.
But let me tell you there is much misinformation floating around hunting circles about this ongoing discussion. In fact, many hunters still believe there are truly biological consequences of harvesting a jake in the spring. Some say it limits their chances of potentially bagging an adult male bird, a gobbler, in the future.
In an effort to address these statements and others, a couple years ago I wrote a blog, entitled: Spring Wild Turkey Hunters: Why Not Take A Jake? I am publishing that blog once more to hopefully clear up any misconceptions you may have about harvesting a jake wild turkey during the remainder of Nebraska’s spring wild turkey hunting season this May.
You have a current Nebraska spring wild turkey hunting permit and habitat stamp. You go hunting. You set up along a field edge bordering old-growth, open woodland habitat. You strike your slate call: “Yelp, yelp, yelp.” You pause for a moment. A gobble echoes nearby. It sounds like a jake, a nearly one-year old male wild turkey born the previous spring. A few minutes pass. All of a sudden, here it comes running right toward the decoys, with its bright blue, red and white head, small, amber-colored beard, and black-tipped, iridescent feathers. Now, it is at your decoy and within shooting range.
Why not? I say. After all, it is a legal wild turkey to harvest in the spring, isn’t it?
Truthfully, squeezing the trigger of your shotgun or releasing an arrow or bolt, comes down to a personal decision.
Every hunter has a different concept on what a trophy turkey denotes. And, there is absolutely no shame, no ecological harm with harvesting an immature male wild turkey. None!
Most of the longtime turkey hunters I know have no clearly defined rules about cancelling a Nebraska spring turkey permit/tag on jakes. Some hunters consider those nearly one-year old male birds the same as older males – gobblers, that is, legal, obtainable turkeys. Others would never shoot a jake, and still others won’t shoot jakes unless they come in strutting and gobbling, in which case they are treated just like a mature tom. Many seasoned turkey hunters might have jake rules for themselves, but not for the people they take hunting, especially when it comes to youth, novices or physically-challenged hunters.
Consider what Mark Goodwin of the Missouri Department of Conservation wrote about harvesting jakes: “By spring, jakes have eluded daily perils for 10 months. They are woods-wise veterans and masters of survival. As such, they are elusive prey for any predator from bobcats to camo-clad hunters carrying tightly-choked shotguns. Therefore, a jake called in and cleanly killed with one shot represents superior woodsmanship.”
Goodwin added: “Some hunters claim that older gobblers are more difficult to lure in with calls. “Honest analysis, however, would probably reveal that old gobblers are not more difficult to call in than jakes. They simply require different hunting techniques.”
Does your blogger shoot jakes? You bet I do! I’ll shoot one of those round-spurred, short-bearded male versions of Meleagris gallopavo, with his pointed wingtip primaries and four middle tail feathers extending skyward, typically longer than the rest. I will normally bag a jake for my first bird or perhaps my last bird of the spring season.
One thing I love about jakes is that they continue to gobble quite well late in the season as pecking orders in flocks continue to change place. They usually travel in the company of other jakes. Oh, and did I mention those young male wild turkeys are so tender and succulent to eat? Fresh, pan-fried slices of jake turkey breast are favorites of mine!
You may be wondering if there are biological ramifications to a flock or flocks of wild turkeys in an area if hunters are shooting jakes. Still other hunters are curious if harvesting jakes will ruin the chances of seeing many 2-plus year old adult gobblers the following spring if that is done.
I put those queries to Dr. Jeffrey Lusk, wildlife biologist, ecologist and biometrician at the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission.
“Mother Nature creates a surplus of male wild turkeys. Also, the jakes are ineffective at breeding because they often get outcompeted for breeding rights by older toms. Research further shows that jakes can only rarely be successful at breeding a hen and fertilizing a clutch. Additionally, turkeys move around a great deal and natural mortality takes more jakes than hunters do,” says Lusk. “From a biological standpoint, if we thought that spring wild turkey hunters should be restricted from shooting young male wild turkeys during the spring season, we would do so, but that is not case.”
“Just look at our harvest data from past springs when hunters harvested more adult toms than jakes,” he remarks.
“There are a lot of young male wild turkeys that were not harvested that could have been,” Lusk emphasizes.
Lusk continues: “When managing the wild turkey, coupled with harvest data, research overwhelming shows that you can remove a good portion of jakes and still have a healthy turkey population with plenty of gobblers for ensuing years.”
The main limiting factors on wild turkey populations, he points out, include cold, wet spring weather, tough winters, and changes in habitat quantity and quality.
Here is what other hunting, wildlife and outdoor education professionals have to say about taking jakes in the spring:
Douglas Herman, champion turkey caller, custom nail turkey call maker and Nebraska wild turkey hunting guide: “At the hunting lodge I prefer clients don’t (harvest a jake) unless it’s a kid, then it’s fair game. But, if a jake comes in gobbling to the call and he is strutting, then I will certainly treat him like a gobbler. The goal of turkey hunting is to tote a legal turkey out of the woods. The only thing I brag about is how good they taste.”
Rich Wiese, custom slate call turkey maker and avid wild turkey hunter: “My thoughts are, yes, it’s okay to shoot a jake. I’ve shot jakes when I was first starting to hunt turkeys in Nebraska. I choose now to shoot mature toms but if a kid or a first-time turkey hunter has a jake in front of them, I say take him! Why not? Get that first bird out of the way, make memories, and build up from there. I’ll wait until end of season to harvest a jake”
Christy Christiansen, outdoor education specialist at the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: “I am not a turkey snob and would not hesitate to take a jake! No hunter should feel shame with shooting a short-beard.”
Jim Zumbo who holds degrees in forestry and wildlife biology, and is a popular firearms and hunting commentator and writer: “I’m lucky enough to have taken the World Slam (Harvested all U.S. wild turkey subspecies — Eastern, Osceola or Florida, Rio Grande, Gould’s and Merriam’s plus the Ocellated wild turkey — found in Mexico and Central America), and I normally hunt several states every year. I’m not ashamed to say that I’ve taken home some jakes. To heck with the social implications among my hunting buddies!”
Brian Lovett, well-respected, freelance writer and editor in the outdoor industry for many years and one of North America’s foremost experts on wild turkey hunting: “I typically do not (take jakes) Greg, but only because I’ve been blessed to turkey hunt quite a bit throughout the country. There is no biological reason to pass up jakes, as any harvest of young males is not additive mortality. I always tell folks that any legal turkey is a great trophy.”
Bruce Ingram of the National Wild Turkey Federation: “Regardless of the reason, if a jake is taken legally and the hunter is appreciative of the harvest, many believe it is a good take. Besides, the best way to gain the knowledge of how to kill a turkey is to kill one.”
Susie Hintz Bliss, ardent spring wild turkey hunter and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission staffer at the Schramm Education Center near Gretna, NE: “The jakes are sure fun to watch in the spring. I would take a jake. I kind of compare it to taking a white-tailed deer doe during the deer hunting seasons. Like the does, the jakes are very tasty.”
As a turkey hunter, you’ve likely heard references to “jakes” when talking about male turkeys. But what exactly is a jake turkey, and how are they different from mature tom turkeys? This comprehensive guide will provide all the details you need to identify jake turkeys in the wild.
What is a Jake Turkey?
A jake turkey is a young, sexually immature male wild turkey under two years old They are essentially adolescent male turkeys that are not yet fully mature.
Some key characteristics of jake turkeys:
- Size: Smaller than mature toms, usually 8-12 pounds
- Plumage: Duller, brownish feathers compared to the iridescent plumage of adult toms
- Beard: Short beard, typically less than 6 inches long
- Tail feathers: Shorter tail feathers with rounded tips
- Spurs: Short, blunt spurs compared to the sharp, long spurs of mature toms
- Behavior: More active and vocal, higher-pitched gobbling
While jake turkeys exhibit male characteristics like beards and gobbling, their immature features help distinguish them from older, mature tom turkeys.
How Do Jake Turkeys Compare to Mature Toms?
There are several key physical differences between jake turkeys and mature tom turkeys:
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Beard length Jakes have beards under 6 inches while toms have beards over 6 inches sometimes up to 9 inches long.
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Tail feathers: Jakes have shorter tail feathers with rounded tips. Toms have longer, pointed tail feathers that create an evenly fanned tail.
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Colors: Jakes have duller, tan or white heads. Toms have darker heads in shades of red, blue, and black.
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Spurs Jakes have short spurs under 1 inch long Toms have spurs over 1 inch, sometimes up to 3 inches long
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Gobbling: Jakes make higher-pitched, whistling gobbles. Toms make deep, resonant gobbles that carry further.
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Behavior: Jakes are less aggressive compared to the strutting and dominance displays of mature toms.
These differences can help you reliably distinguish between jakes and toms when you encounter them in the wild.
Should You Hunt Jake Turkeys?
Many turkey hunters choose not to harvest jake turkeys, though it is legal in most areas. Here are some pros and cons to consider:
Pros:
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Jakes are often more abundant and easier to hunt than mature toms
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Provide a great opportunity for youth or novice hunters
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Jake meat is still good eating
Cons:
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Smaller size and less meat compared to mature toms
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Considered less challenging than hunting older gobblers
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Some view it as more ethical to harvest mature toms
Whether or not to hunt jakes is ultimately the hunter’s personal choice. Following local hunting regulations and making ethical decisions are always encouraged.
Tips for Identifying Jake Turkeys
When you encounter a flock of turkeys, here are some tips for spotting and identifying any jake turkeys:
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Scan for smaller bodied individuals with duller plumage and pale heads.
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Look for shorter beards protruding from the chest.
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Check for rounded, stubby tail feathers rather than long, fanned tails.
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Listen for higher-pitched gobbles and whistling.
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Note any turkeys exhibiting less dominant behavior or staying on the fringes of the flock.
With practice, picking out jakes from mature tom turkeys will become much easier for both hunting and observation purposes.
Hopefully this guide has helped explain exactly what a jake turkey is and how to identify them. Jake turkeys are young male turkeys less than two years old exhibiting juvenile characteristics compared to fully mature tom turkeys. While legal to hunt in most areas, ethics and personal choice should guide jake harvesting decisions. With the right knowledge, you’ll be able to confidently distinguish jakes from toms whenever you encounter these wild birds. Happy turkey hunting!
At the Ranch: Know the Difference Between a Jake & a Tom
FAQ
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